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The first Ca.1 batch had 100 hp Fiat A.10 in-line engines and were serialled 478-489. The photo shows Gianni Caproni with sottotenente Giulio Laureati on the second production aircraft. Delivered to the Caproni Biplanes Section (later 1st Caproni squadriglia) at La Comina on August 8, 1915, Ca.479 was still in service on December 3, 1916. Redesignated Ca.32 in the post-war system, these bombers were originally known as Ca.300 because of the total engine output.
Caproni Ca.1 (Ca.32)
role : medium-weight bomber
first flight : operational : August 1915
country : Italy
design :
production : 162 aircraft
general information : Caproni started building strategic bombers before WOI, the first
being powered by 3 Gnome rotation engines fitted in the fuselage driving the propellers true a transmission gear. This was no success in operation and the installation of the engines was changed by mounting 2 of it’s engines at the end of the twin booms that supported the tail unit so they could give direct drive to the props. One engine stayed in the fuselage driving a pusher propeller. The first Italian bombing raid against Austro-Hungary took place on 20 august 1915 operating from afb Pordenone. The Ca.2 was the next model in which the central engine was replaced by a150 hp Isotta-Fraschini V-4B in-line. Only nine were built.
users : Italy
crew : 4
armament : 2 movable 6.50 [mm] (0.256 in) FIAT Rivelli machine-guns
engine : 3 FIAT A-10 liquid-cooled 6 -cylinder inline engine 100 [hp](73.6 KW)
dimensions :
wingspan : 22.74 [m], length : 11.05 [m], height : 3.7[m]
wing area : 95.6 [m^2]
weights :
max.take-off weight : 3212 [kg]
empty weight operational : 2200 [kg] bombload : 300 [kg]
performance :
maximum speed : 120 [km/hr] at sea-level
service ceiling : 4000 [m]
endurance : 3.5 [hours]
estimated action radius : 189 [km]
description :
4-bay biplane with fixed underwing landing gear with nosewheel and tail strut
two spar upper and lower wing
tail supported by two fabric/plywood covered tail booms
2 engines attached to the wings 1 in the fuselage, landing gear attached to the wings, bombload attached to fuselage
two fuel tanks in the tail booms, one fuel tank in the fuselage
airscrew :
two fixed pitch 2 -bladed tractor airscrews and one fixed pitch pusher propeller with max. efficiency :0.63 [ ]
estimated diameter airscrew 2.48 [m]
angle of attack prop : 13.74 [ ]
fine pitch
reduction : 1.00 [ ]
airscrew revs : 1400 [r.p.m.]
pitch at Max speed 1.43 [m]
blade-tip speed at Vmax and max revs. : 185 [m/s]
calculation : *1* (dimensions)
mean wing chord : 2.10 [m]
calculated wing chord (rounded tips): 2.25 [m]
wing aspect ratio : 10.82 []
estimated gap : 2.11 [m]
gap/chord : 1.00 [ ]
seize (span*length*height) : 930 [m^3]
calculation : *2* (fuel consumption)
oil consumption : 4.9 [kg/hr]
fuel consumption(cruise speed) : 62.4 [kg/hr] (85.1 [litre/hr]) at 70 [%] power
distance flown for 1 kg fuel : 1.73 [km/kg]
estimated total fuel capacity : 338 [litre] (248 [kg])
calculation : *3* (weight)
weight engine(s) dry : 628.9 [kg] = 2.85 [kg/KW]
weight 28 litre oil tank : 2.4 [kg]
oil tank filled with 1.7 litre oil : 1.5 [kg]
oil in engine 12 litre oil : 11.0 [kg]
fuel in engine 2 litre fuel : 1.1 [kg]
weight 36 litre gravity patrol tank(s) : 5.4 [kg]
weight radiator : 31.6 [kg]
weight exhaust pipes & fuel lines 10.4 [kg]
weight cowling 2.9 [kg]
weight airscrew(s) (wood) incl. boss & bolts : 50.7 [kg]
total weight propulsion system : 744 [kg](23.2 [%])
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tail boom plywood covering (monocoque) : 65 [kg]
fuselage skeleton (wood gauge : 5.56 [cm]): 179 [kg]
bracing : 13.9 [kg]
fuselage covering ( 32.3 [m2] doped linen fabric) : 10.3 [kg]
weight controls + indicators: 8.4 [kg]
weight seats : 12.0 [kg]
weight other details, lighting set, etc. : 13.1 [kg]
weight bomb storage : 21.0 [kg]
weight bomb sight : 1.0 [kg]
weight 101 [litre] main fuel tank empty : 8.0 [kg]
additional in each tail boom a 101 [litre] fuel tank empty : 16.1 [kg]
weight interior + equipment + fuel lines: 118 [kg]
weight engine mount and firewall : 4 [kg]
total weight fuselage : 468 [kg](14.6 [%])
***************************************************************
weight wing covering (doped linen fabric) : 61 [kg]
total weight ribs (125 ribs) : 191 [kg]
weight engine mounts : 7 [kg]
load on front upper spar (clmax) per running metre : 933.4 [N]
load on rear upper spar (vmax) per running metre : 366.8 [N]
total weight 8 spars : 215 [kg]
weight wings : 467 [kg]
weight wing/square meter : 4.88 [kg]
weight 16 interplane struts & cabane : 90.7 [kg]
weight cables (155 [m]) : 52.5 [kg] (= 338 [gram] per metre)
diameter cable : 7.4 [mm]
weight fin & rudder (6.0 [m2]) : 30.2 [kg]
weight stabilizer & elevator (10.8 [m2]): 53.2 [kg]
total weight wing surfaces & bracing : 701 [kg] (21.8 [%])
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weight machine-gun(s) : 34.0 [kg]
weight pivot mounting mg :10.0 [kg]
weight armament : 44 [kg]
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good soft ground capabilities
wheel pressure : 353.3 [kg]
weight 10 wheels (800 [mm] by 100 [mm]) : 94.5 [kg]
weight tailskid : 3.7 [kg]
weight undercarriage with axle 97.8 [kg]
total weight landing gear : 196.0 [kg] (6.1 [%]
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calculated empty weight : 2153 [kg](67.0 [%])
weight oil for 4.2 hours flying : 20.4 [kg]
weight cooling fluids : 47.7 [kg]
weight 2 drums empty : 3.0 [kg]
weight ammunition (800 rounds) : 25.9 [kg]
weight automatic pistol with spare magazines : 1.2 [kg]
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Ca.30 with all it’s 3 rotary engines placed inside the fuselage
calculated operational weight empty : 2248 [kg] (70.0 [%])
published operational weight empty : 2200 [kg] (68.5 [%])
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weight crew : 324 [kg]
weight fuel for 2.0 hours flying : 125 [kg]
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operational weight : 2697 [kg](84.0 [%])
bomb load : 300 [kg]
operational weight bombing mission : 2997 [kg]
fuel reserve : 123 [kg] enough for 1.97 [hours] flying
possible additional useful load : 92 [kg]
operational weight fully loaded : 3212 [kg] with fuel tank filled for 100 [%]
published maximum take-off weight : 3212 [kg] (100.0 [%])
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calculation : * 4 * (engine power)
power loading (Take-off) : 14.56 [kg/kW]
total power : 220.7 [kW] at 1400 [r.p.m]
calculation : *5* (loads)
manoeuvre load : 1.4 [g] at 1000 [m]
limit load : 3.0 [g] ultimate load : 4.5 [g] load factor : 1.9 [g]
design flight time : 2.80 [hours]
design cycles : 411 sorties, design hours : 1150 [hours]
wing loading (MTOW) : 329 [N/m^2]
wing stress (3 g) during operation : 189 [N/kg] at 3g emergency manoeuvre
calculation : *6* (angles of attack)
angle of attack zero lift : -1.10 ["]
max. angle of attack (stalling angle) : 11.04 ["]
angle of attack at max. speed : 3.40 ["]
calculation : *7* (lift & drag ratios
lift coefficient at angle of attack 0° :0.10 [ ]
lift coefficient at max. angle of attack : 1.11 [ ]
lift coefficient at max. speed : 0.41 [ ]
induced drag coefficient at max. speed : 0.0088 [ ]
drag coefficient at max. speed : 0.0636 [ ]
drag coefficient (zero lift) : 0.0548 [ ]
calculation : *8* (speeds
stalling speed at sea-level (OW): 73 [km/u]
landing speed at sea-level (OW without bombload): 87 [km/hr]
min. drag speed (max endurance) = minimum speed*1.1 at cruise height : 88 [km/hr] at 2000 [m] (power:53 [%])
min. power speed (max range) : 88 [km/hr] at 2000 [m] (power:53 [%])
max. rate of climb speed : 76.2 [km/hr] at sea-level
cruising speed : 108 [km/hr] op 2000 [m] (power:70 [%])
design speed prop : 114 [km/hr]
maximum speed : 120 [km/hr] op 100 [m] (power:99 [%])
climbing speed at sea-level (without bombload) : 144 [m/min]
calculation : *9* (regarding various performances)
take-off distance at sea-level : 290 [m]
lift/drag ratio : 9.34 [ ]
max. practical ceiling : 4550 [m] with flying weight :2333 [kg]
practical ceiling (operational weight): 3550 [m] with flying weight :2697 [kg]
practical ceiling fully loaded (mtow- 1 hour fuel) : 2400 [m] with flying weight :3150 [kg]
published ceiling (4000 [m]
climb to 1500m (without bombload) : 11.90 [min]
max. dive speed : 347.3 [km/hr] at 1400 [m] height
load factor at max. angle turn 1.51 ["g"]
turn radius at 500m: 65 [m]
time needed for 360* turn 15.2 [seconds] at 500m
calculation *10* (action radius & endurance)
operational endurance : 3.97 [hours] with 4 crew and 392 [kg] bombload and 100.0 [%] fuel
published endurance : 3.50 [hours] with 4 crew and possible useful (bomb) load : 422 [kg] and 88.1 [%] fuel
action radius : 537 [km] with 4 crew and 20[kg] photo camera/radio transmitter or bombload
max range theoretically with additional fuel tanks for total 1242 [litre] fuel : 1576 [km]
useful load with action-radius 250km : 351 [kg]
production : 37.94 [tonkm/hour]
oil and fuel consumption per tonkm : 1.77 [kg]
_
Literature :
Bombers 1914-19 page 158
Praktisch handboek vliegtuigen deel 1 page 226
Warplanes WOI page 70,130
DISCLAIMER Above calculations are based on published data, they must be
regarded as indication not as facts.
Calculated performance and weight may not correspond with actual weights
and performances and are assumptions for which no responsibility can be taken.
Calculations are as accurate as possible, they can be fine-tuned when more data
is available, you are welcome to give suggestions and additional information
so we can improve our program.
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(c) B van der Zalm 21 August 2019 contact : info.aircraftinvestigation@gmail.com python 3.7.4